Studies have shown that these emotional disturbances have negative impacts on patients’ clinical outcomes. Thus, these diverse emotional disturbances are pathophysiologically interrelated, but are different phenomena.

The relationships between these phenomena and lesion locations differ when considering the different emotional symptoms. Underlying factors and predictors of these emotional disturbances partially overlap, but are still different. Important mood/emotional disturbances include post-stroke depression (PSD), post-stroke anxiety, post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI), post-stroke anger proneness (PSAP), and post-stroke fatigue (PSF). These symptoms are distressing for both the patients and their caregivers, and negatively influence patient quality of life. Mood and emotional disturbances are frequent symptoms in stroke survivors. The phenomenology, factors or predictors, and relevant lesion locations will be described, and pharmacological treatment of these emotional disturbances will be discussed based on presumable pathophysiological mechanisms. This narrative review will describe some of the most common or relevant post-stroke mood and emotional disturbances. To administer the appropriate therapy, we have to understand the phenomenology and the similarities and differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with these emotional symptoms. Fortunately, these mood and emotional disturbances may be treated or prevented by various methods, including pharmacological therapy. In addition, well-designed clinical trials regarding these symptoms are rare. Their phenomenology, predicting factors, and pathophysiology have been under-studied, and are under-recognized.

Unfortunately, these emotional disturbances are not apparent and are therefore often unnoticed by busy clinicians. These symptoms are distressing for both the patients and their caregivers, and negatively influence the patient’s quality of life. Out of the many post-stroke disturbances, post-stroke depression, post-stroke anxiety, post-stroke emotional incontinence, post-stroke anger proneness, and post-stroke fatigue are frequent and important symptoms. Post-stroke mood and emotional disturbances are frequent and diverse in their manifestations.

Personality change after tia